The base of the tower crane is usually bolted to a large concrete pad which provides very crucial support. The base is attached to a tower or a mast and stabilizes the crane which is attached to the inside of the building's structure. Often, this attachment point is to a concrete lift or to an elevator shaft.
The crane's mast is often a triangulated lattice structure that measures 10 feet square or 0.9m2. Attached to the very top of the mast is the slewing unit. The slewing unit is made of a motor and a gear that allows the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet, while the tower crane's maximum lifting capacity is 16,642 kilograms or 39,690 lbs. with counter weights of 20 tons. Additionally, two limit switches are utilized to be able to make sure that the driver does not overload the crane. There is also another safety feature called a load moment switch to make certain that the driver does not surpass the ton meter load rating. Last of all, the tower crane has a maximum reach of 70 meters or 230 feet.
There is definitely a science involved with erecting a tower crane, especially because of their extreme heights. At first, the stationary structure has to be brought to the construction location by utilizing a big tractor-trailer rig setup. Then, a mobile crane is used in order to assemble the machinery part of the crane and the jib. After that, these sections are connected to the mast. Afterward, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes may be a few of the other industrial machines that is utilized to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane as the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane can match the building's height. The crane crew uses what is known as a climbing frame or a top climber which fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. Once complete, the slewing unit can detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an extra 6.1m or 20 feet. After that, the operator of the crane utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into place one more mast section piece.